See stun on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "electrostun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "permastun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stunlock"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stunnable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stunner"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stunpoll"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stunrod"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tenh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stonen",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "to stun",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English stonen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stonen",
"id": "to stun"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English stonen",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "estoner",
"t": "to stun, astonish"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman estoner (“to stun, astonish”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "*stunō",
"4": "*stunāre"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin *stunāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*stunōn",
"t": "to thunder, crash"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *stunōn (“to thunder, crash”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "*extonāre",
"t": "to thunder out, make a thunderous sound"
},
"expansion": "Latin *extonāre (“to thunder out, make a thunderous sound”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "attono",
"3": "attonāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin attonāre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to thunder\"; compare Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">attonāre</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to thunder\"; compare Latin attonāre)",
"name": "gl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stunian",
"t": "to smash, thunder"
},
"expansion": "Old English stunian (“to smash, thunder”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stunōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stunōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stöna",
"t": "to moan, groan"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stöna (“to moan, groan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stønne",
"t": "to moan, groan"
},
"expansion": "Danish stønne (“to moan, groan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stynja",
"t": "to moan"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic stynja (“to moan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "estonar",
"t": "to surprise"
},
"expansion": "Occitan estonar (“to surprise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "étonner",
"t": "to surprise"
},
"expansion": "French étonner (“to surprise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "steunen",
"t": "to groan; support"
},
"expansion": "Dutch steunen (“to groan; support”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stöhnen",
"t": "to groan, moan"
},
"expansion": "German stöhnen (“to groan, moan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "staunen",
"t": "to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at"
},
"expansion": "German staunen (“to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "стонать"
},
"expansion": "Russian стонать (stonatʹ)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English stonen, stone (“to astonish, stun, numb”, also stoneyen), probably either directly or indirectly from Anglo-Norman estoner (“to stun, astonish”), from Late Latin *stunāre, from Frankish *stunōn (“to thunder, crash”) or perhaps from an unattested Latin *extonāre (“to thunder out, make a thunderous sound”), from tonāre (\"to thunder\"; compare Latin attonāre). An alternative etymology derives stonen from Old English stunian (“to smash, thunder”), from Proto-West Germanic *stunōn. See also astonish, astound.\nCompare Swedish stöna (“to moan, groan”), Danish stønne (“to moan, groan”), Icelandic stynja (“to moan”), Occitan estonar (“to surprise”), and French étonner (“to surprise”), and more distantly, Dutch steunen (“to groan; support”), German stöhnen (“to groan, moan”), German staunen (“to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at”), and Russian стонать (stonatʹ), стена́ть (stenátʹ, “to moan, groan”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stuns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stunning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stunned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stunned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stin",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Devon"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stun (third-person singular simple present stuns, present participle stunning, simple past and past participle stunned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
18
]
],
"text": "Bill tried to stun the snake by striking it on the head.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
52
]
],
"text": "In many European countries cattle have to be stunned before slaughtering.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To incapacitate; especially by inducing disorientation or unconsciousness."
],
"id": "en-stun-en-verb-LveSY8rP",
"links": [
[
"incapacitate",
"incapacitate"
],
[
"disorientation",
"disorientation"
],
[
"unconsciousness",
"unconsciousness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To incapacitate; especially by inducing disorientation or unconsciousness."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "daze"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "zašemetjavam",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "зашеметявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "zašemetja",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зашеметя"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "atordir"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "entebenar"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "bǎ ... dǎyūn",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "把...打暈 /把...打晕"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "omráčit"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ochromit"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "verdoven"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "svenbati"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "tyrmätä"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "tainnuttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "étourdir"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "betäuben"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "stordire"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "intontire"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"alt": "きぜつさせる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kizetsu saseru",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "気絶させる"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "stupefaciō"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "stonen"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "stoneyen"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "assommer"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "svimeslå"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "lamslå"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "lamme"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "atordoar"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "aturdir"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "oglušátʹ",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "оглуша́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "oglušítʹ",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "оглуши́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "omráčiť"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "anonadar"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "aturdir"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "pasmar"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "dejar “sin sentido”/atónito"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "adarvar"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "despampanar"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "atonar"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"Puerto-Rico"
],
"word": "deslembar"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "eslembar"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "atronar"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "bedöva"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pryholómšuvaty",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "приголо́мшувати"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 1 3 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pryholómšyty",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "приголо́мшити"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
25
]
],
"text": "The celebrity was stunned to find herself confronted with unfounded allegations on the front page of a newspaper.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
22
]
],
"text": "He stood there stunned, looking at the beautiful, breath-taking sunrise.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shock or surprise."
],
"id": "en-stun-en-verb-n3uRW3ej",
"links": [
[
"shock",
"shock"
],
[
"surprise",
"surprise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To shock or surprise."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "šokiram",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "шокирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "shǐ zhènjīng",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "使震驚 /使震惊"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "zaskočit"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "verbluffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "ällistyttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "étourdir"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "étonner"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "époustoufler"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "verblüffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "stupefare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "sorprendere"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "incantare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"alt": "ぼうぜんとさせる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "bōzen to saseru",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "呆然とさせる"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "stupefaciō"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "attonō"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "stonen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "stoneyen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "assombrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "aturdir"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ošelomljátʹ",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ошеломля́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ošelomítʹ",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ошеломи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "potrjasátʹ",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "потряса́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "potrjastí",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "потрясти́"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "zaraziť"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "zaskočiť"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "anonadar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "aturdir"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "pasmar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "dejar “sin sentido”/atónito"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "adarvar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "despampanar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "atonar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"Puerto-Rico"
],
"word": "deslembar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "eslembar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "atronar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "förstumma"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "chockera"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "överraska"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pryholómšuvaty",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "приголо́мшувати"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pryholómšyty",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "приголо́мшити"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Billiards",
"orig": "en:Billiards",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Snooker",
"orig": "en:Snooker",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 21 12 22 2 1 18 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 22 9 21 2 2 13 17 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 23 8 25 1 1 15 15 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 20 11 19 3 2 13 18 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 24 8 21 2 2 11 20 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 30 36 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 23 9 21 2 2 10 19 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hit the cue ball so that it slides without topspin or backspin (and with or without sidespin) and continues at a natural angle after contact with the object ball"
],
"id": "en-stun-en-verb-MO5FsDtS",
"links": [
[
"snooker",
"snooker#Noun"
],
[
"billiards",
"billiards"
],
[
"cue ball",
"cue ball"
],
[
"object ball",
"object ball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(snooker, billiards) To hit the cue ball so that it slides without topspin or backspin (and with or without sidespin) and continues at a natural angle after contact with the object ball"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"billiards",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"snooker",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Video games",
"orig": "en:Video games",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 21 12 22 2 1 18 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 22 9 21 2 2 13 17 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 23 8 25 1 1 15 15 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 20 11 19 3 2 13 18 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 26 40 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 24 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 25 39 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 25 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 27 41 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 27 39 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 25 42 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 24 8 21 2 2 11 20 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 26 43 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 26 43 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 28 42 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 27 38 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 30 36 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 24 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 24 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 23 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 23 9 21 2 2 10 19 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 24 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 28 42 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 24 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 24 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
17
]
],
"text": "The monsters stun when you jump on them.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To enter a stunned state."
],
"id": "en-stun-en-verb-Z1B70oAI",
"links": [
[
"video game",
"video game"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, video games) To enter a stunned state."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"video-games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Singapore English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 30 36 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To confiscate (an unguarded rifle, magazine, piece of equipment, etc.) from an unsuspecting soldier as punishment for neglect."
],
"id": "en-stun-en-verb-cCQpG57W",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"confiscate",
"confiscate"
],
[
"unguarded",
"unguarded"
],
[
"unsuspecting",
"unsuspecting"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
],
[
"neglect",
"neglect"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Singapore, military, slang) To confiscate (an unguarded rifle, magazine, piece of equipment, etc.) from an unsuspecting soldier as punishment for neglect."
],
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʌn/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stun.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stʊn/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌn"
}
],
"word": "stun"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "on stun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stun grenade"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stun gun"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tenh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stonen",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "to stun",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English stonen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stonen",
"id": "to stun"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English stonen",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "estoner",
"t": "to stun, astonish"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman estoner (“to stun, astonish”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "*stunō",
"4": "*stunāre"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin *stunāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*stunōn",
"t": "to thunder, crash"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *stunōn (“to thunder, crash”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "*extonāre",
"t": "to thunder out, make a thunderous sound"
},
"expansion": "Latin *extonāre (“to thunder out, make a thunderous sound”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "attono",
"3": "attonāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin attonāre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to thunder\"; compare Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">attonāre</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to thunder\"; compare Latin attonāre)",
"name": "gl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stunian",
"t": "to smash, thunder"
},
"expansion": "Old English stunian (“to smash, thunder”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stunōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stunōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stöna",
"t": "to moan, groan"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stöna (“to moan, groan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stønne",
"t": "to moan, groan"
},
"expansion": "Danish stønne (“to moan, groan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stynja",
"t": "to moan"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic stynja (“to moan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "estonar",
"t": "to surprise"
},
"expansion": "Occitan estonar (“to surprise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "étonner",
"t": "to surprise"
},
"expansion": "French étonner (“to surprise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "steunen",
"t": "to groan; support"
},
"expansion": "Dutch steunen (“to groan; support”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stöhnen",
"t": "to groan, moan"
},
"expansion": "German stöhnen (“to groan, moan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "staunen",
"t": "to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at"
},
"expansion": "German staunen (“to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "стонать"
},
"expansion": "Russian стонать (stonatʹ)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English stonen, stone (“to astonish, stun, numb”, also stoneyen), probably either directly or indirectly from Anglo-Norman estoner (“to stun, astonish”), from Late Latin *stunāre, from Frankish *stunōn (“to thunder, crash”) or perhaps from an unattested Latin *extonāre (“to thunder out, make a thunderous sound”), from tonāre (\"to thunder\"; compare Latin attonāre). An alternative etymology derives stonen from Old English stunian (“to smash, thunder”), from Proto-West Germanic *stunōn. See also astonish, astound.\nCompare Swedish stöna (“to moan, groan”), Danish stønne (“to moan, groan”), Icelandic stynja (“to moan”), Occitan estonar (“to surprise”), and French étonner (“to surprise”), and more distantly, Dutch steunen (“to groan; support”), German stöhnen (“to groan, moan”), German staunen (“to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at”), and Russian стонать (stonatʹ), стена́ть (stenátʹ, “to moan, groan”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stuns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stin",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Devon"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "stun (countable and uncountable, plural stuns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The condition of being stunned."
],
"id": "en-stun-en-noun-LPdq5xHZ",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "zašemetjavane",
"sense": "the condition of being stunned",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "зашеметяване"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "bezsăznanie",
"sense": "the condition of being stunned",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "безсъзнание"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ošelomlénije",
"sense": "the condition of being stunned",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ошеломле́ние"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"That which stuns; a shock; a stupefying blow."
],
"id": "en-stun-en-noun-VMYSJ1b-",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 90 4 2 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "šok",
"sense": "That which stuns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шок"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 4 2 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "zašemetjavašt udar",
"sense": "That which stuns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "зашеметяващ удар"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Newfoundland English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 21 12 22 2 1 18 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 22 9 21 2 2 13 17 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 23 8 25 1 1 15 15 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 20 11 19 3 2 13 18 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 24 8 21 2 2 11 20 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 23 9 21 2 2 10 19 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person who lacks intelligence."
],
"id": "en-stun-en-noun-Gr1a4tym",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Newfoundland) A person who lacks intelligence."
],
"tags": [
"Newfoundland",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Billiards",
"orig": "en:Billiards",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Snooker",
"orig": "en:Snooker",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 21 12 22 2 1 18 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 20 11 19 3 2 13 18 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
28,
32
]
],
"text": "Williams will need a lot of stun to avoid going in the middle pocket",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The effect on the cue ball where the ball is hit without topspin, backspin or sidespin."
],
"id": "en-stun-en-noun-QUfhC-ks",
"links": [
[
"billiards",
"billiards"
],
[
"snooker",
"snooker#Noun"
],
[
"cue ball",
"cue ball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(billiards, snooker, pool) The effect on the cue ball where the ball is hit without topspin, backspin or sidespin."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"billiards",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"pool",
"snooker",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Science fiction",
"orig": "en:Science fiction",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 21 12 22 2 1 18 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 14 11 33 2 2 11 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 22 9 21 2 2 13 17 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 23 8 25 1 1 15 15 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 20 11 19 3 2 13 18 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 24 8 21 2 2 11 20 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 23 9 21 2 2 10 19 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
72,
76
]
],
"ref": "1966 September 8, George Clayton Johnson, The Man Trap (Star Trek), season 1, episode 1:",
"text": "Captain James Kirk: \"Set your phaser on one quarter. I'll leave mine on stun.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A low-range setting for an energy weapon that will stun its target but not injure or kill it."
],
"id": "en-stun-en-noun-YaZVJSx2",
"links": [
[
"science fiction",
"science fiction"
],
[
"low-range",
"low-range"
],
[
"setting",
"setting"
],
[
"energy weapon",
"energy weapon"
],
[
"target",
"target"
],
[
"injure",
"injure"
],
[
"kill",
"kill"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(science fiction, uncountable) A low-range setting for an energy weapon that will stun its target but not injure or kill it."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"science-fiction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʌn/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stun.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stʊn/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌn"
}
],
"word": "stun"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "stonda"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian stonda",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*standan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *standan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*standaną",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *standaną (“to stand”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Frisian stonda, from Proto-West Germanic *standan, from Proto-Germanic *standaną (“to stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "frr-FoehrAmrum-conj-table",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "stunen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "tu stunen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "stenen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stun’m",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stäänst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stedst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stäänt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haa stenen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hed stenen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heest stenen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hedst stenen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hee stenen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hed stenen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haa stenen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hed stenen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skal stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wal stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skääl stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wääl stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skal stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wal stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skel stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wel stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stoune",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Goesharde"
]
},
{
"form": "stööne",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Halligen"
]
},
{
"form": "stönje",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Mooring"
]
},
{
"form": "staan",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Sylt"
]
},
{
"form": "stuine",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Wiedingharde"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "stun",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"inf_2": "stunen",
"past_1": "sted",
"past_2": "stedst",
"ppp": "stenen",
"pres_2": "stäänst",
"pres_3": "stäänt"
},
"name": "frr-FoehrAmrum-conj-table"
}
],
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Föhr-Amrum North Frisian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "North Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to stand"
],
"id": "en-stun-frr-verb-M5TgKh6g",
"links": [
[
"stand",
"stand#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Föhr-Amrum) to stand"
],
"tags": [
"Föhr-Amrum"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[stʊn]",
"tags": [
"Föhr-Amrum"
]
}
],
"word": "stun"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)tenh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌn",
"Rhymes:English/ʌn/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "electrostun"
},
{
"word": "permastun"
},
{
"word": "stunlock"
},
{
"word": "stunnable"
},
{
"word": "stunner"
},
{
"word": "stunpoll"
},
{
"word": "stunrod"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tenh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stonen",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "to stun",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English stonen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stonen",
"id": "to stun"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English stonen",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "estoner",
"t": "to stun, astonish"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman estoner (“to stun, astonish”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "*stunō",
"4": "*stunāre"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin *stunāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*stunōn",
"t": "to thunder, crash"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *stunōn (“to thunder, crash”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "*extonāre",
"t": "to thunder out, make a thunderous sound"
},
"expansion": "Latin *extonāre (“to thunder out, make a thunderous sound”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "attono",
"3": "attonāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin attonāre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to thunder\"; compare Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">attonāre</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to thunder\"; compare Latin attonāre)",
"name": "gl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stunian",
"t": "to smash, thunder"
},
"expansion": "Old English stunian (“to smash, thunder”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stunōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stunōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stöna",
"t": "to moan, groan"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stöna (“to moan, groan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stønne",
"t": "to moan, groan"
},
"expansion": "Danish stønne (“to moan, groan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stynja",
"t": "to moan"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic stynja (“to moan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "estonar",
"t": "to surprise"
},
"expansion": "Occitan estonar (“to surprise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "étonner",
"t": "to surprise"
},
"expansion": "French étonner (“to surprise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "steunen",
"t": "to groan; support"
},
"expansion": "Dutch steunen (“to groan; support”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stöhnen",
"t": "to groan, moan"
},
"expansion": "German stöhnen (“to groan, moan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "staunen",
"t": "to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at"
},
"expansion": "German staunen (“to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "стонать"
},
"expansion": "Russian стонать (stonatʹ)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English stonen, stone (“to astonish, stun, numb”, also stoneyen), probably either directly or indirectly from Anglo-Norman estoner (“to stun, astonish”), from Late Latin *stunāre, from Frankish *stunōn (“to thunder, crash”) or perhaps from an unattested Latin *extonāre (“to thunder out, make a thunderous sound”), from tonāre (\"to thunder\"; compare Latin attonāre). An alternative etymology derives stonen from Old English stunian (“to smash, thunder”), from Proto-West Germanic *stunōn. See also astonish, astound.\nCompare Swedish stöna (“to moan, groan”), Danish stønne (“to moan, groan”), Icelandic stynja (“to moan”), Occitan estonar (“to surprise”), and French étonner (“to surprise”), and more distantly, Dutch steunen (“to groan; support”), German stöhnen (“to groan, moan”), German staunen (“to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at”), and Russian стонать (stonatʹ), стена́ть (stenátʹ, “to moan, groan”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stuns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stunning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stunned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stunned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stin",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Devon"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stun (third-person singular simple present stuns, present participle stunning, simple past and past participle stunned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
18
]
],
"text": "Bill tried to stun the snake by striking it on the head.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
52
]
],
"text": "In many European countries cattle have to be stunned before slaughtering.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To incapacitate; especially by inducing disorientation or unconsciousness."
],
"links": [
[
"incapacitate",
"incapacitate"
],
[
"disorientation",
"disorientation"
],
[
"unconsciousness",
"unconsciousness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To incapacitate; especially by inducing disorientation or unconsciousness."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "daze"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
25
]
],
"text": "The celebrity was stunned to find herself confronted with unfounded allegations on the front page of a newspaper.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
22
]
],
"text": "He stood there stunned, looking at the beautiful, breath-taking sunrise.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shock or surprise."
],
"links": [
[
"shock",
"shock"
],
[
"surprise",
"surprise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To shock or surprise."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Billiards",
"en:Snooker"
],
"glosses": [
"To hit the cue ball so that it slides without topspin or backspin (and with or without sidespin) and continues at a natural angle after contact with the object ball"
],
"links": [
[
"snooker",
"snooker#Noun"
],
[
"billiards",
"billiards"
],
[
"cue ball",
"cue ball"
],
[
"object ball",
"object ball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(snooker, billiards) To hit the cue ball so that it slides without topspin or backspin (and with or without sidespin) and continues at a natural angle after contact with the object ball"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"billiards",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"snooker",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Video games"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
17
]
],
"text": "The monsters stun when you jump on them.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To enter a stunned state."
],
"links": [
[
"video game",
"video game"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, video games) To enter a stunned state."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"video-games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"Singapore English",
"en:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"To confiscate (an unguarded rifle, magazine, piece of equipment, etc.) from an unsuspecting soldier as punishment for neglect."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"confiscate",
"confiscate"
],
[
"unguarded",
"unguarded"
],
[
"unsuspecting",
"unsuspecting"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
],
[
"neglect",
"neglect"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Singapore, military, slang) To confiscate (an unguarded rifle, magazine, piece of equipment, etc.) from an unsuspecting soldier as punishment for neglect."
],
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʌn/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stun.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stʊn/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌn"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "zašemetjavam",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "зашеметявам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "zašemetja",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зашеметя"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "atordir"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "entebenar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "bǎ ... dǎyūn",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "把...打暈 /把...打晕"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "omráčit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ochromit"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "verdoven"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "svenbati"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "tyrmätä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "tainnuttaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "étourdir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "betäuben"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "stordire"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "intontire"
},
{
"alt": "きぜつさせる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kizetsu saseru",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "気絶させる"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "stupefaciō"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "stonen"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "stoneyen"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "assommer"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "svimeslå"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "lamslå"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "lamme"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "atordoar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "aturdir"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "oglušátʹ",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "оглуша́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "oglušítʹ",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "оглуши́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "omráčiť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "anonadar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "aturdir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "pasmar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "dejar “sin sentido”/atónito"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "adarvar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "despampanar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "atonar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"Puerto-Rico"
],
"word": "deslembar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "eslembar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "atronar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "bedöva"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pryholómšuvaty",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "приголо́мшувати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pryholómšyty",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "приголо́мшити"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "šokiram",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "шокирам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "shǐ zhènjīng",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "使震驚 /使震惊"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "zaskočit"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "verbluffen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "ällistyttää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "étourdir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "étonner"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "époustoufler"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "verblüffen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "stupefare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "sorprendere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "incantare"
},
{
"alt": "ぼうぜんとさせる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "bōzen to saseru",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "呆然とさせる"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "stupefaciō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "attonō"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "stonen"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "stoneyen"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "assombrar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "aturdir"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ošelomljátʹ",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ошеломля́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ošelomítʹ",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ошеломи́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "potrjasátʹ",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "потряса́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "potrjastí",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "потрясти́"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "zaraziť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "zaskočiť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "anonadar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "aturdir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "pasmar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "dejar “sin sentido”/atónito"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "adarvar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "despampanar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "atonar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"Puerto-Rico"
],
"word": "deslembar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "eslembar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "atronar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "förstumma"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "chockera"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "överraska"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pryholómšuvaty",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "приголо́мшувати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pryholómšyty",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "приголо́мшити"
}
],
"word": "stun"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)tenh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌn",
"Rhymes:English/ʌn/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Russian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "on stun"
},
{
"word": "stun grenade"
},
{
"word": "stun gun"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tenh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stonen",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "to stun",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English stonen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stonen",
"id": "to stun"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English stonen",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "estoner",
"t": "to stun, astonish"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman estoner (“to stun, astonish”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "*stunō",
"4": "*stunāre"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin *stunāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*stunōn",
"t": "to thunder, crash"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *stunōn (“to thunder, crash”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "*extonāre",
"t": "to thunder out, make a thunderous sound"
},
"expansion": "Latin *extonāre (“to thunder out, make a thunderous sound”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "attono",
"3": "attonāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin attonāre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to thunder\"; compare Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">attonāre</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to thunder\"; compare Latin attonāre)",
"name": "gl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stunian",
"t": "to smash, thunder"
},
"expansion": "Old English stunian (“to smash, thunder”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stunōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stunōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stöna",
"t": "to moan, groan"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stöna (“to moan, groan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stønne",
"t": "to moan, groan"
},
"expansion": "Danish stønne (“to moan, groan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stynja",
"t": "to moan"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic stynja (“to moan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "estonar",
"t": "to surprise"
},
"expansion": "Occitan estonar (“to surprise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "étonner",
"t": "to surprise"
},
"expansion": "French étonner (“to surprise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "steunen",
"t": "to groan; support"
},
"expansion": "Dutch steunen (“to groan; support”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stöhnen",
"t": "to groan, moan"
},
"expansion": "German stöhnen (“to groan, moan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "staunen",
"t": "to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at"
},
"expansion": "German staunen (“to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "стонать"
},
"expansion": "Russian стонать (stonatʹ)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English stonen, stone (“to astonish, stun, numb”, also stoneyen), probably either directly or indirectly from Anglo-Norman estoner (“to stun, astonish”), from Late Latin *stunāre, from Frankish *stunōn (“to thunder, crash”) or perhaps from an unattested Latin *extonāre (“to thunder out, make a thunderous sound”), from tonāre (\"to thunder\"; compare Latin attonāre). An alternative etymology derives stonen from Old English stunian (“to smash, thunder”), from Proto-West Germanic *stunōn. See also astonish, astound.\nCompare Swedish stöna (“to moan, groan”), Danish stønne (“to moan, groan”), Icelandic stynja (“to moan”), Occitan estonar (“to surprise”), and French étonner (“to surprise”), and more distantly, Dutch steunen (“to groan; support”), German stöhnen (“to groan, moan”), German staunen (“to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at”), and Russian стонать (stonatʹ), стена́ть (stenátʹ, “to moan, groan”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stuns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stin",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Devon"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "stun (countable and uncountable, plural stuns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The condition of being stunned."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"That which stuns; a shock; a stupefying blow."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Newfoundland English"
],
"glosses": [
"A person who lacks intelligence."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Newfoundland) A person who lacks intelligence."
],
"tags": [
"Newfoundland",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Billiards",
"en:Snooker"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
28,
32
]
],
"text": "Williams will need a lot of stun to avoid going in the middle pocket",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The effect on the cue ball where the ball is hit without topspin, backspin or sidespin."
],
"links": [
[
"billiards",
"billiards"
],
[
"snooker",
"snooker#Noun"
],
[
"cue ball",
"cue ball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(billiards, snooker, pool) The effect on the cue ball where the ball is hit without topspin, backspin or sidespin."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"billiards",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"pool",
"snooker",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Science fiction"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
72,
76
]
],
"ref": "1966 September 8, George Clayton Johnson, The Man Trap (Star Trek), season 1, episode 1:",
"text": "Captain James Kirk: \"Set your phaser on one quarter. I'll leave mine on stun.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A low-range setting for an energy weapon that will stun its target but not injure or kill it."
],
"links": [
[
"science fiction",
"science fiction"
],
[
"low-range",
"low-range"
],
[
"setting",
"setting"
],
[
"energy weapon",
"energy weapon"
],
[
"target",
"target"
],
[
"injure",
"injure"
],
[
"kill",
"kill"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(science fiction, uncountable) A low-range setting for an energy weapon that will stun its target but not injure or kill it."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"science-fiction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʌn/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stun.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stʊn/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌn"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "zašemetjavane",
"sense": "the condition of being stunned",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "зашеметяване"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "bezsăznanie",
"sense": "the condition of being stunned",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "безсъзнание"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ošelomlénije",
"sense": "the condition of being stunned",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ошеломле́ние"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "šok",
"sense": "That which stuns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шок"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "zašemetjavašt udar",
"sense": "That which stuns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "зашеметяващ удар"
}
],
"word": "stun"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "stonda"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian stonda",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*standan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *standan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*standaną",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *standaną (“to stand”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Frisian stonda, from Proto-West Germanic *standan, from Proto-Germanic *standaną (“to stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "frr-FoehrAmrum-conj-table",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "stunen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "tu stunen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "stenen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stun’m",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stäänst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stedst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stäänt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haa stenen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hed stenen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heest stenen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hedst stenen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hee stenen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hed stenen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haa stenen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hed stenen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skal stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wal stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skääl stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wääl stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skal stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wal stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skel stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wel stun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stoune",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Goesharde"
]
},
{
"form": "stööne",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Halligen"
]
},
{
"form": "stönje",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Mooring"
]
},
{
"form": "staan",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Sylt"
]
},
{
"form": "stuine",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Wiedingharde"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "stun",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"inf_2": "stunen",
"past_1": "sted",
"past_2": "stedst",
"ppp": "stenen",
"pres_2": "stäänst",
"pres_3": "stäänt"
},
"name": "frr-FoehrAmrum-conj-table"
}
],
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Föhr-Amrum North Frisian",
"North Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"North Frisian lemmas",
"North Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian",
"North Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"North Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"North Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"North Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian",
"North Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"North Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"North Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"North Frisian verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to stand"
],
"links": [
[
"stand",
"stand#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Föhr-Amrum) to stand"
],
"tags": [
"Föhr-Amrum"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[stʊn]",
"tags": [
"Föhr-Amrum"
]
}
],
"word": "stun"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stun meaning in All languages combined (32.8kB)
{
"called_from": "page/2530",
"msg": "skipping string in the middle of translations: </table></div></div>\n\n",
"path": [
"stun"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "stun",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2530",
"msg": "skipping string in the middle of translations: </table></div></div>\n\n",
"path": [
"stun"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "stun",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.